Johannes und Petrus (Detail from the Four Apostles) Art Print
Dürer, Albrecht
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Apostles (Literally, one sent forth)
A name used with reference to the original twelve disciples of Jesus, sometimes with the addition of Matthias and Paul; also used in a general sense for the missionaries of the early church whose deeds are related in The Acts of the Apostles.The badges or symbols of the fourteen apostles: Andrew, a cross, because he was crucified on a cross shaped like the letter x.
Bartholomew, a knife, because he was flayed with a knife.
James the Greater, a scallop-shell, a pilgrim's staff, or a gourd bottle, because he is the patron saint of pilgrims.
James the Less, a fuller's pole, because he was killed by a blow on the head with a pole, dealt him by Simeon the fuller.
John, a cup with a winged serpent flying out of it, in allusion to the tradition about Aristodemos, priest of Diana, who challenged John to drink a cup of poison. John made the sign of a cross on the cup, Satan like a dragon flew from it, and John then drank the cup, which was quite innocuous.
Judas Iscariot, a bag, because he had the bag and "bare what was put therein." ( John xii. 6).
Jude, a club, because he was martyred with a club.
Matthew, a hatchet or halbert, because be was slain at Nadabar with a halbert.
Matthias, a battle-axe, because he was first stoned, and then beheaded with a battle-axe.
Paul, a sword, because his head was cut off with a sword. The convent of La Lisla, in Spain, boasts of possessing the very instrument.
Peter, a bunch of keys, because Christ gave him the "keys of the kingdom of heaven." A cock, because he went out and wept bitterly when he heard the cock crow. ( Matt. xxvi. 75.)
Philip, a long staff surmounted with a cross, because he suffered death by being suspended by the neck to a tall pillar.
Simon, a saw, because he was sawn to death, according to tradition.
Thomas, a lance, because he was pierced through the body, at Meliapour, with a lance.
Apostles of Abyssinians, St. Frumentius. ( 4th century.)
Alps, Felix Neff. ( 1798-1829.)
Andalusia, Juan de Avila. ( 1500-1569.)
Ardennes, St. Hubert. ( 656-727.)
Armenians, Gregory of Armenia, "The Illuminator." ( 236-331.)
Brazil, José de Anchieta, a Jesuit missionary. ( 1533-1597.)
English, St. Augustine. (Died 604.) St. George.
French, St. Denis. ( 3rd century.)
Frisians, St. Willibrord. ( 657-738.)
Gauls, St. Irenaeus ( 130-200); St. Martin of Tours ( 338-401).
Gentiles, St. Paul.
Germany, St. Boniface. ( 680-755.)
Highlanders, St. Columba. ( 521-597.)
Hungary, St. Anastatius ( 954-1044.)
Indians (American), Bartolomé de Las Casas ( 1474-1566); John Eliot ( 1604-1690).
Indies (East), St. Francis Xavier. ( 1506-1552.)
Infidelity, Voltaire. ( 1694-1778.)
Ireland, St. Patrick. ( 373-463.)
Iroquois, François Piquet ( 1708-1781).
Liberty, Henry Clay.
North, St. Ansgar or Anscarius ( 801-864); Bernard Gilpin. ( 1517-1583.)
Peak, The. William Bagshaw. ( 1628-1702.)
Peru, Alonzo de Barcena. ( 1528-1598.)
Picts. St. Ninian. ( 5th century.)
Scottish Reformers, John Knox. ( 1505-1572.)
Slavs, St. Cyril. (c. 820-869.)
The Sword, Mahomet. ( 570-632.)
Temperance, Father Mathew. ( 1790-1856.)
